A billing module everybody agrees should be separate, a team of four, and 88 classes that reference it. The boundary, drawn in code rather than in conversation.
A batch job in another language integrated through a shared schema couples the two deployments; integrated through a file it does not. A file with a documented schema…
A secret that can only be replaced atomically cannot be rotated without coordinating a deploy on somebody else’s system. The multi-value header is the arrangement every large provider…